Comparative Study on Socio-Spatial Structures of the Typical Plain Cities of Chengdu and Beijing in Transitional China

China's socioeconomic transformation and rapid urbanization since the end of the 20th Century have had an important impact on the social spatial structure of large cities. Social differentiation within cities is becoming increasingly prominent. Using detailed data gathered by the Fifth National Population Census of 2000, this study compares the social spatial structure and dynamic mechanisms of the core areas of the cities of Beijing and Chengdu. Factorial ecology analysis is used at the mesoscale to explore the following research questions: ‘How did factors shape the social spaces of two cities with similar topography but at different stages of development during China's transition from a planned to a market economy?';and ‘Are the traditional Western theories of socio-spatial interpretation equally applicable to China?'. The results show that Chengdu exhibits a combination of a concentric circle, fan-shaped, and multi-core socio-spatial structure, while Beijing shows a fan-shaped structure. In 2000, influenced by its overall level and stage of socioeconomic development, Beijing was experiencing a faster socio-spatial transformation than Chengdu, and the driving effect of capital on social differentiation and spatial competition was more obvious. The main dynamic mechanisms driving the formation of socio-spatial structures in Beijing and Chengdu include the natural environmental foundation, historical inheritance, urban planning, housing policies, and international influence. The three major variables in the study of traditional Western social spaces, namely economy, family, and ethnic status, were confirmed as applicable to our two case study cities with socioeconomic status as measured by occupation and housing conditions exerting the strongest effect. This perspective of comparing different cities in the same transitional period offers unique insights in identifying the key drivers of socio-spatial differentiation and polarization and their relative magnitude of effect, while enriching the catalog of empirical urban social space research both in China and in the rest of the world.

Mantis Within a Multi Robot Team for Lunar Exploration and Construction Tasks

This paper describes key technologies for the use of the six-legged walking system Mantis in a multi robot team performing cooperative tasks for the construction of an In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) facility on the Moon. Autonomous multi robot cooperation is one of several key technologies that hold promise for In-Situ space exploration and ISRU facility construction. Therefore, the PRO-ACT (Planetary RObots deployed for Assembly and Construction Tasks) project aimed to develop a multi robot team which can act (semi-) autonomous. PRO-ACT is a European project with many partners working on space robotics technologies, the so-called building blocks. These building blocks have been implemented and extended on Mantis to cover the scope of multi-robot cooperative scenarios. To allow the different partners to execute commands without considering the robot's control framework, a communication interface was developed to provide a common and generic way to send commands and receive sensor data. It facilitates access to all robots and to their simulated counterparts. Due to the impact of COVID-19, most of the testing, including the final demonstration, was performed remotely, with robots available at the partners' premises. © 2022 IEEE.

Towards AI-based Air Traffic Control

Air traffic, despite the recent dip due to Covid, is expected to grow 30-40% year on year. With the potential inclusion of UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) into controlled airspace over the next decade, it is anticipated that the congestion levels in airspace will increase 10 fold. This paper presents an AI-based approach to air traffic control, with the aim of alleviating the load and improving the efficiency of human agents (air traffic controllers). One of the primary goals of air traffic control is to safely navigate an aircraft through controlled airspace using real-time control actions - such as changes to speed, heading (direction of travel) and altitude of an aircraft. The safety critical nature of this environment calls for precise explanations (why take an action) and counterfactual (why not take an action) explanations, real-time responsiveness, the ability to present succinct actions to a human agent, while simultaneously optimizing for air traffic delays, fuel burn rates, and weather conditions. This paper presents algorithms and a system architecture for anticipating separation losses (conflicts in airspace) and a lattice-based search space exploration AI planner to recommend actions to avoid such conflicts. The key contributions of the paper include: (i) fast detection (prediction) of conflicts in a controlled airspace, and (ii) fast lattice space exploration based AI solver to produce a set of feasible resolutions for the detected conflicts. Additionally, this paper discusses how to weight the different resolutions and how future work on optimisation techniques could improve the efficiency of the algorithm and address various known limitations of the current approach from both technical and human-agent perspective. The evaluations are conducted against an air traffic simulator, Narsim, showing the ability to avoid separation losses, while minimizing the number of actions even at 3 x normal capacity. © ATM 2021. All rights reserved.

Space Debris: It's Time to Look Up and Do Something

According to director, writer and producer Adam McKay, the star-studded film was initially conceived as a commentary on the arguably overly politicized climate change debate but, as they began filming during the COVID pandemic, life began to truly imitate art in that health policy often seemed to be dictated by politics.7 In responding to their existential threat, constituencies in the film fall into one of two factions. Like the film's protagonists, we can simply look up, and see that there is much to be fearful of given the inability of the law and politics to keep up with many aspects within the science and technology of space exploration.13 Consider the following timely example of what awaits us while looking up: the Kessler Syndrome, graphically illustrated in the 2013 George Clooney and Sandra Bullock film Gravity.14 In 1978, Donald Kessler described the eponymic Kessler Syndrome as the tipping point scenario wherein destructive collisions between fragments emanating from man-made objects in space become inevitable given the number of discarded debris in Earth's orbit.15 In that film, their particular Kessler Syndrome is kicked off by a Russian anti-satellite missile test on a satellite in low Earth orbit, resulting in an insatiably destructive debris field. In addition to all the operating satellites in orbit, currently, there are more than 8,800 metric tons of space debris in Earth's immediate orbit,20 including an estimated 100 million tiny untraceable pieces.21 Regardless of their size however, each piece of space debris is effectively a supersonic missile capable of causing significant damage.22 According to the European Space Agency (ESA), a collision of just a one centimetre wide particle travelling at 10 km/second will release the same amount of energy on impact as a small car crashing on Earth at 40km/hour.23 In addition to the potential damage to other satellites, rockets and space stations, should they be struck by this debris, there are other actual economic costs associated with space debris. [...]the roles of government in developing, owning, launching and managing satellites has given way to a burgeoning private industry;however, governments still play a decisive role as the market remains relatively small.29 Terrestrial communication, networking, navigational and entertainment systems are all reliant on satellites, and the more satellites that are sent up, including most troubling, new large minsatellite constellations,30 the more likely a catastrophic collision could cause havoc to the aforementioned networks.

Pandemic covers up setbacks in Brazilian environmental laws

Speed read Legislative changes in Brazil have ‘weakened environmental regulations’ Legal deregulation peaked at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, study found Brazilian society, scientists and media may have mitigated the damage Environmental progress in Brazil looks set to be one of the casualties of COVID-19, with harmful changes to the law being pushed through while attention is diverted by the global pandemic, a study warns. Since January 2019, the Brazilian government approved 57 pieces of legislation that effectively weaken national environmental laws, the study published in Biological Conservation found. Researchers also analysed monthly deforestation rates provided by the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) of Brazil, and fines associated with illegal deforestation, issued by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA). According to INPE, deforestation in the Amazon was 9.5 per cent higher between August 2019 and July 2020 than between August 2018 and July 2019 – making it the highest level of annual deforestation since 2008.

AbGradCon 2021: lessons in digital meetings, international collaboration, and interdisciplinarity in astrobiology

The Astrobiology Graduate Conference (AbGradCon) is an annual conference both organized for and by early-career researchers, postdoctoral fellows, and students as a way to train the next generation of astrobiologists and develop a robust network of cohorts moving forward. AbGradCon 2021 was held virtually on 14-17 September 2021, hosted by the Earth-Life Science Institute (ELSI) of Tokyo Institute of Technology after postponement of the in-person event in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The meeting consisted of presentations by 120 participants from a variety of fields, two keynote speakers, and other career-building events and workshops. Here, we report on the organizational and executional aspects of AbGradCon 2021, including the meeting participant demographics, various digital aspects introduced specifically for a virtual edition of the meeting, and the submission and evaluation process. The evaluation process of AbGradCon 2021 is unique in that all evaluations are done by the peers of the applicants, and as astrobiology is inherently a broad discipline, the evaluation process revealed a number of trends related to multidisciplinarity of the astrobiology field. We believe that meetings like AbGradCon can provide a unique opportunity for students and early career researchers in astrobiology to experience community building, inter- and multidisciplinary collaboration, and career training and would be a welcome sight in other fields as well. We hope that this report provides inspiration and a basic roadmap for organizing future conferences in any field with similar goals.

A reziliens és innovatív űripar magyar fejlesztési lehetőségei

A vizsgált téma aktualitását indokolja, hogy az űripar ma az egyik leginnovatívabb, gyorsan fejlődő, válságokra kevésbé érzékeny, világméretekben rendkívül dinamikusan növekvő iparág. Rezilienciáját1 mutatja a 2020 tavaszától indult világméretű pandémiás járvány időszakában elért fejlődése. Világszerte munkahelyeket őrzött meg és újakat hozott létre, valamint technológiai-innovációs teljesítménye is töretlennek bizonyult. A cikk megalapozását szolgáló, módszerében felmérésekre, statisztikai és más adatbázisokra támaszkodó kutatás azt a célt szolgálta, hogy felvázolja a hazai űrszektor és űripar kontúrjait, és a magyarországi űrszektor számára fejlődési utat nyitó állami szerepvállalás lehetséges irányát, összetevőit. A tanulmány megállapította, hogy a magyar űripar - jóllehet, ma még szerény a hozzájárulása a társadalmi teljesítményhez - kis létszámú, de arányában máris jelentős, magasan képzett munkaerőt foglalkoztat, élenjáró technológiákat honosít meg. Magas innovációs teljesítményével, technikai-tudományos transzfereivel, jelenlegi kapacitásaival is hatással van a versenyképesség erősítésére. Megfelelő támogatással, átgondolt befektetésekkel az űripar hozzáadott értéke, növekedési és nemzetközi potenciálja, valamint a nemzetközi űripari értékláncokban való részvétele a jelenleginél jóval nagyobb arányban használható ki.Alternate :This study was motivated by the fact that space industry has become one of the most innovative, rapidly developing, least crisis-sensitive industries, which grows dynamically worldwide. Its resilience to shocks is quite apparent. Since the outbreak of the pandemic in spring 2020, the sector preserved many jobs and created new ones, while its innovative and technological advances remained uninterrupted. This study – based on surveys, statistical and other databases – aims to take stock of the current state of the Hungarian space sector and industry, and to set out possible directions for state involvement to enhance further progress. Our research confirmed that the Hungarian space industry, although its direct contribution to social performance is moderate today, employs a significant number of highly skilled workers and introduces cuttingedge technologies. Furthermore, through its innovations and technological and scientific transfers, its contribution to the competitiveness of the Hungarian economy is significant, even at the current level of its capacities. With adequate support and wise investments, the added value, the growth and international potential and the global space industry value chain involvement the space industry can be exploited to a much greater extent than at present.

2nd National Forum on Contemporary Space Research (NaFSKI 2021), October 7-9, 2021, Sofia TechPark, Bulgaria

The National Forum on Contemporary Space Research is an initiative of the “Cosmos” Branch of the Union of Physicists in Bulgaria. The scientists from several scientific institutions working in the space research field gathered and identified the main problems facing the community in the country: insufficient awareness of the scientific community about the activities carried out in Bulgaria related to space research;poor communication with the general public;lack of science-business connection;underdeveloped training related to the space research conducted in the country, which in turn leads to a shortage of staff in the sector. To address these problems, the “Cosmos” Branch started several initiatives directed to different target groups to promote research networking both on national and international levels, to facilitate discussions with the business in Bulgaria and to connect research groups with state administration, to enhance competition, and create a healthy environment that would boost the Space sector development in Bulgaria. The ultimate goal of “Cosmos” branch is to create a vibrant society of researchers, entrepreneurs, teachers, administration, and everyone who is interested in having Bulgaria into the international space elite. Thus, the National Forum on Contemporary Space Research was shaped as a platforms where the Bulgarian researchers meet, discuss, and collaborate.The first edition of the Forum took place in 2020 and it proved the idea is timely and successful. That is why the second edition of the Forum was organized as a 3 days event in Sofia TechPark “Incubator” Hall in the period 7-9 October 2021. There was also a possibility to participate on-line due to the COVID-19 restriction on the number of on-site participants.The event was held under the auspices of the Bulgarian Ministry of Economy with the financial support of the Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, “America for Bulgaria” Foundation and “Evrika” Foundation.List of Programme Committee, Local Organizing Committee are available in this pdf.

Hungarian Development Opportunities of the Resilient and Innovative Space Industry

This study was motivated by the fact that space industry has become one of the most innovative, rapidly developing, least crisis-sensitive industries, which grows dynamically worldwide. Its resilience to shocks is quite apparent. Since the outbreak of the pandemic1 in spring 2020, the sector preserved many jobs and created new ones, while its innovative and technological advances remained uninterrupted. This study – based on surveys, statistical and other databases – aims to take stock of the current state of the Hungarian space sector and industry, and to set out possible directions for state involvement to enhance further progress. Our research confirmed that the Hungarian space industry, although its direct contribution to social performance is moderate today, employs a significant number of highly skilled workers and introduces cuttingedge technologies. Furthermore, through its innovations and technological and scientific transfers, its contribution to the competitiveness of the Hungarian economy is significant, even at the current level of its capacities. With adequate support and wise investments, the added value, the growth and international potential and the global space industry value chain involvement the space industry can be exploited to a much greater extent than at present.

DreamCoder 2.0: An Example of Digital Transformation for Education

DreamCoder is a coding-in-space program in which students execute their own Python code on hardware on the International Space Station. The program guides students through team building, formulating research questions, designing code, and ultimately, analyzing and presenting results. This program was designed for small teams of students working collaboratively in the classroom. Specifically, multiple student teams connect via Wi-Fi to one "Sagan Spacelab,” with the same sensors as the Sagan installed on the ISS. However, due to COVID-19, students began learning remotely, making the execution of programs like DreamCoder challenging or impossible. Recognizing the broad challenge of educating students during the pandemic, the European Space Agency (ESA) announced a funding opportunity entitled, “Space in Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak,” in collaboration with the Italian Minister for Technological Innovation and Digitalization, the Italian Space Agency, and other European Countries. Specifically, this opportunity asked applicants to leverage a space asset to assist Italian students impacted by the pandemic. Nanoracks Space Outpost Europe (Nanoracks-Europe), in collaboration with DreamUp, the developer of DreamCoder, and Rina Consulting, SpA, responded to this call and in July 2020, began development of “DreamCoder 2.0,” an upgraded version of DreamCoder with a virtual classroom to enable its use in remote learning. An initial pilot in Teggiano, Italy in September 2020, helped set the development team’s priorities. Four more schools from Bagheria in Siciliy, Ronciglione in Lazio, Novi Ligure in Liguria, and Brindisi in Puglia tested the first iteration of DreamCoder 2.0 in February and March 2021, and the development team used the schools’ feedback to further update the platform so that it is most useful for students and teachers’ current circumstance. The upgraded platform is more sensitive to the emerging user needs of schools, tech enthusiasts, and space fans. It directly enables an e-learning experience for stand-alone users as well as collaborative groups (i.e., a class, team, etc.). It also allows users to plan and connect in a common virtual space – the virtual classroom – for collaborative sessions and to program the Sagan board remotely. The overall system also accommodates more users with disabilities, with adaptations for those with dyslexia and other visual issues. Ultimately, the goal of DreamCoder 2.0 is to create a comprehensive experience so that more students in Italy and worldwide can interact with space and gather critical real-world skills in computer engineering, from either an in-person classroom setting or while learning remotely. Copyright © 2021 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.

Outreach and Scientific Results with the Largest Network of Backyard Astronomers

The Unistellar network is today made of more 5,000 digital telescopes—the eVscope, the eQuinox, and the recently released eVscope 2. These powerful, easy-to-use, smart devices allow backyard astronomers to enjoy the dark sky while also contributing to scientific projects in partnership with the SETI Institute. We believe that science can reap an immense harvest from continuous observations of the night sky using these eVscopes while we also give laypeople, students, and teachers the opportunity to experience the thrill of the next frontier, space exploration. Here we present outreach activities organized by our network, including on-line events made necessary by COVID-19 restrictions in 2020. This paper includes a discussion of our education programs, which aim to connect to our network’s teachers with students from underrepresented groups in the US who are enrolled in community colleges. Finally, we will describe several scientific results generated by our network related to the study of exoplanets, asteroids, and comets. Copyright © 2021 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.

SUCCESS CASE OF THE SGAC OPEN-COURSE INTRODUCTION TO SPACE ENGINEERING, AS A MEDIUM FOR CAPACITY BUILDING IN EDUCATION AND SPACE WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT IN EMERGING COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AMERICA

The world as we knew it has drastically changed due to the global pandemic of COVID-19, impacting many areas of the economy and society. The Educational sector has also been affected worldwide, with suspension of classes, school dropouts, and creating uncertainty to parents, teachers and students who now must quickly adapt to new methodologies such as online learning. This scenario is worse in developing countries where a significant percentage of the population lacks access to reliable internet and communications infrastructure. On the other hand, the new trend of remote education has caused the professors to get more familiar with IT resources and has given the students an opportunity to attend a myriad of webinars and online workshops globally, about complex topics in Science and Engineering, which otherwise would be inaccessible or at a high associated cost. The Space Generation Advisory Council (SGAC) has promoted several initiatives, both globally and regionally, such as Space webinars and workshops. In the Latin America region, a series of online activities has also been introduced, featuring subject matter experts in different areas, to discuss the steps required to develop the Space industry in Latin American countries. One common conclusion in these events, is that Latin America, especially Central America and the Caribbean region, is still lacking a clear capacity-building strategy, since limited educational programs for space workforce development exist. The initiative of an Introduction to Space Engineering course was initiated by Prof. Angel Arcia Gil in 2019 at the University Santa Maria la Antigua (USMA) in Panama to address this problem. The course was the 1st in Central America, almost in parallel with a program of The Costa Rica Institute of Technology (TEC). The initiative, which later evolved into an Open-Course, has expanded to other countries in Central America such as Nicaragua, Costa Rica and El Salvador, within the collaborative framework of the Space Generation Advisory Council and its National Point of Contacts (NPoCs). After its 3rd Edition, the open course has provided more than 130 students with an overview of Space technical concepts, a historical background of Space exploration and new trends of Space commercialization. This paper will explain the pedagogic approach, curriculum development, and the methodology used to successfully implement the open course in Central America, showing statistics such as approval rate, dropout rate, and female participation, along with lessons learned and recommendations. The paper will highlight the best practices for implementing an open course in space developing countries, and it is intended to be a reference for future initiatives. Copyright © 2021 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.

Emirates mars mission (emm) overview and status

The Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) is the United Arab Emirates (UAE) first mission to Mars and is the first Arab mission to another planet. It launched an unmanned observatory called "Hope" into an elliptical orbit around Mars on July 20, 2020 carrying three scientific instruments to study the Martian atmosphere in visible, ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths. EMM will be the first mission to provide the first truly global picture of the Martian atmosphere, revealing important information about how atmospheric processes drive diurnal variations for a period of one Martian year. This will provide scientists with valuable understanding of the changes to the Martian atmosphere today through the achievement of three scientific objectives: A. Characterize the state of the Martian lower atmosphere on global scales and its geographic, diurnal and seasonal variability. B. Correlate rates of thermal and photochemical atmospheric escape with conditions in the collisional Martian atmosphere. C. Characterize the spatial structure and variability of key constituents in the Martian exosphere. The mission is led by Emiratis from Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC) and is expanding the nation s human capital through knowledge transfer programs set with international partners from the University of Colorado Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP), Arizona State University (ASU) School of Earth and Space Exploration, and University of California Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL). The paper highlights the driving motivation behind the mission, its scientific objectives and instruments, the unforeseen challenges amid the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the status and accomplishments of the mission since its Mars Orbit insertion on Feb 9, 2021. © 2021 International Astronautical Federation, IAF. All rights reserved.

STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF ASTROTURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA - COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS1

The paper investigates the issue of strategic development of a new selective form of tourism that is growing in many countries around the world named astrotourism. The issue of light pollution is also considered, given that a clear starry sky is a fundamental prerequisite for the development of this selective form of tourism. The aim of this paper is to investigate the level of development of astrotourism in the Republic of Croatia. For this purpose, a comparative analysis was performed targeting selected astrotourist destinations - the so-called Dark-Sky Parks in Croatia and Europe, as well as a research focusing on the geographical distribution and number of certified sky parks in the world. Certified Dark-Sky Parks are typical astrotourism destinations that meet all the prerequisites for its development, and are awarded the official certificate issued by the IDA - International Dark-Sky Association, as the world's umbrella institution dealing with light pollution. Observatories have a special role in the development of astrotourism, so the proposed paper presents an overview of observatories in Croatia that are focused on this type of activities. The paper aims to sensitize the scientific and professional public regarding the issue of light pollution, but also to encourage further research and expert discussions relating to this topic. Astrotourism combines different components and functions - a scientific and a recreational one, but also a very important ecological and educational function, encouraging special discussions and proposals focusing on solutions for the sensitive but still insufficiently researched area of light pollution, inadequate public illumination, as well as other "unhealthy" forms of illumination.

COVID-19: Geospatial Analysis of the Pandemic—A Case Study of Bihar State, India, Using Data Derived from Remote Sensing Satellites and COVID-19 National Geoportal

The state of Bihar has a sizeable population which is spread all over the nation especially the skilled and non-skilled labourers. This populace contributes towards human resource as service providers for nation building in various sectors across the length and breadth of India. The declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO) of the spread of COVID-19 virus as a pandemic brought a nationwide lockdown from 23rd of March 2020 to curb its spread. These daily wage workers were stranded far and wide without any resources. The transport communication was also withdrawn initially against the spread. Now, as soon as the conditions became conducive for the migrant labours to return to the native state of Bihar, there was a fear for disaster due to these returning migrant labour force as they probably could become a vector for the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in the state. The state government in consonance with the Central Government formed strict protocols to be adhered to, for these returning migrants. The present paper statistically analyses the spread of this pandemic once the migrant populace began returning to their home state. It investigates whether the influx of so many humans from various parts of the country would become the hub of the spread of the virus causing infectious hot spots or not. Simultaneously, as many researchers were trying to correlate the presence of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with the spread of COVID-19 virus, the paper tried to relate the amount of NO2 present over the study area on the day the maximum number of cases were reported in the study area. Evaluation of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) used for the present paper was derived from satellite data. Time series analysis of this NO2 data was done. This enabled us to identify the peak day and the day when the NO2 levels were minimum. Incidentally, the number of COVID-19 cases reported synchronized with the NO2 levels in the atmosphere. Spatial auto-correlation was performed using Moran’s I test on the above two days. The values so obtained indicated that there were no hot spots identified, and the virus was found to be spread in a dispersed manner. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

SOLAR POWERED SATELLITE INTERNET FOR RURAL AREAS IN SRI LANKA

This article proposes a high-speed communication system. Past few years ago, all people witnessed the internet, networking, and communication system as one of the most valuable parts of our life. So people will be able to use high-speed satellite internet. In the modern world, people must consider how much data and internet speed are needed. When more people use internet service at the same time will be required more data and internet speed. Satellite-internet covered hard-to-reach rural areas where Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), a cable, may not exist yet. In the rural areas of Sri Lanka, one of the main problems is, supplying electrical power. In this paper, how to power up satellite connections by using solar energy will be discussed. Primarily, rural village areas of Sri-Lanka where there are no terrestrial internet services available can provide significant achievements for improving the villager's life standards of poor village people of Sri-Lanka. Here discusses how to get many opportunities such as e-learning, e-commerce, e-health, e-entertainment, e-banking and other internet opportunities.

Protecting Amazonia Should Focus on Protecting Indigenous, Traditional Peoples and Their Territories

Additionally, if deforestation alone was not enough, a severe drought in 2020 together with the COVID-19 pandemic has created a devastating synergism between forest loss, fires, which produce particulate air pollutants, and related health risks, endangering Amazonian Indigenous and traditional peoples [3]. According to a report just released by the Brazilian National Institute for Space Research (INPE), deforestation within Indigenous lands has reached 331.1 km2 in 2021 [2]. Combining a geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) to map LULC with the Brazilian Biomass Burning Emission with Fire Radiative Power (3BEM_FRP) model, they estimated the dangerous particulate pollution (particles with a diameter less than 2.5 µm, PM2.5) produced by deforestation and fire. According to the authors, deforestation is an important driver of emissions in Amazonia but does not explain biomass burning alone.